河南烟区主要气候因子与烤烟烟叶化学成分的关系

Relationships between Main Climatic Factors and Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Henan Tobacco-growing Areas

为明确影响河南烟区烤烟烟叶化学成分的主要气候因子,利用1981—2013年河南烟区64个气象站气象资料以及烤烟中部烟叶主要化学成分数据,采用数理统计分析方法,分析了河南烟区主要气候特征和中部叶化学成分状况以及二者之间的关系。结果表明,河南烟区烤烟大田期气温适宜、光照充足、雨热同步,9个地市烤烟化学成分含量多在优质烟叶的适宜范围内。烤烟中部叶主要化学成分指标受气候要素的综合影响,不同指标间具有差异;影响的主导气候因子表明,在一定范围内,伸根期高温日数增加对总糖含量和糖碱比增加有利,大田期高温日数增多对两糖比增大不利,旺长期高温日数增多对钾含量增加不利,旺长期日平均气温≥20℃以上日数增多烟碱含量下降,旺长期相对湿度增大总氮含量下降、钾氯比增大,伸根期最高气温上升对氮碱比增加有利,成熟期最低气温上升不利于还原糖含量增加,大田期降雨日数增加氯含量下降。主要气候因子对河南烟区烤烟中部烟叶化学成分的影响以温热因素的影响程度最大、水湿因素次之、光照因素最小。

In order to reveal the main climatic factors that affect the chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in Henan,the meteorological data from64meteorology stations of Henan flue-cured tobacco-growing areas between1981and2013and the dataof the main chemical components of the middle tobacco leaves were used in analyzing the main climatic characters and the status ofchemical components of the middle tobacco leaves of Henan flue-cured tobacco-growing areas and the relationship between them.Theresults showed that,Henan flue-cured tobacco-growing areas had suitable temperature,sufficient sunlight,with the rainfall and heathaving the same changes.The chemical component contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in9cities contained reasonable andharmonious chemical constituents and were appropriate for high quality cigarette production.Stepwise regression analysis suggestedthat the main chemical components of the middle tobacco leaves had close relationship with meteorological factors as a whole anddiffered for different indexes.The results of dominant climatic factor analysis indicated that,in a certain range,the increase of daynumber of daily maximum temperature≥35℃during root elongating stage was favorable to the increase of total sugar and the ratioof total sugar to nicotine.The increase of day number of daily maximum temperature≥35℃during field growing period wasunfavorable to the increase of the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar.The increase of day number of daily maximum temperature≥35℃during fast growing stage decreased the content of potassium.The increase of day number of daily mean temperature≥20℃during fast growing stage decreased the content of nicotine.The increase of relative humidity during fast growing stage decreased thecontent of total nitrogen and raised the ratio of potassium to chlorine.The increase of maximum temperature during root elongatingstage was favorable to the increase of the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine.The increase of minimum temperature during maturingstage was unfavorable to the increase of the content of reducing sugar.The increase of day number of daily precipitation≥0.1mm during field growing period was favorable to the decrease of the content of chlorine.As the influence degree of dominant climaticfactors on the chemical components,the temperature factor was the largest with the second being the humidity factor,and the lightfactor being the weakest.