云南省渔洞水库山区流域降雨径流过程模拟

Simulation of Rainfall Runoff Process in Mountainous Areas of Yudong Reservoir Yunnan Province

山区降水和蒸散发的准确估计对于理解降雨径流过程至关重要,同时也是径流模拟和预估的难点所在。本研究以云南省渔洞水库山区流域为例,对比了三种潜在蒸发量计算方案及三种降水修正方案对径流模拟的影响。结果表明:单独采用不同降水修正方案和蒸发高程修正方案,模拟的结果均比未修正的精度高,将任一降水修正方案与蒸发高程修正方案的组合,都能取得更好的径流模拟效果;P-M和Allen蒸发计算方案对于山区流域具有适应性,但模拟结果低于20 cm观测方案,说明观测蒸发数据的重要性;观测的降水量低于修正后的降水量,反映出采用降水校正对认识流域径流过程中各组分的实际构成具有一定的作用。

Precise estimation on precipitation and evapotranspiration in mountain areas is essential for understandin grainfall-runoff processes and at the same time also a difficult problem in runoff simulation and prediction. This paper studied the influence of three potential evapotranspiration schemes and three precipitation correction schemes compared with the Yudong Reservoir mountainous areas in the basin of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the accuracy of the simulation was higher than that of the unadjusted ones by using different precipitation correction schemes and evaporation elevation correction schemes separately, besides, the combination of any precipitation correction schemes and the evaporation elevation correction schemes could achieve better runoff simulation results; it demonstrated that the P-M and Allen schemes had some adaptability to the mountainous watersheds, however, the P-M and Allen schemes simulation results were still lower than the 20 cm observation scheme which demonstrated the importance of observational evaporation data; the observed precipitation data were lower than the modified rainfall which indicated that the adoption of precipitation correction had a certain effect on the actual composition of each component in the runoff process.