文化产业与文化创意产业理论研究

The Theoretical Study of Cultural Industries and Cultural Creative Industries

无论文化产业如何发展演变,它依然深深植根于文化史,有关文化产业的相关论述,都可以、也必须从过往的理论中寻找资源和动力。从文化工业到文化产业,差不多是为文化产业正名的过程。传统的社会精英阶级及其美学话语中,都存在拒绝把"文化"商业化的观念和态度。创意产业不等同于文化产业,而创意产业之所以易于普及并似乎更受推崇,在于它回避了两个多世纪以来与工业、经济保持距离的"文化",而代之以并不具有明确地域、民族或价值意义的"创意"。任何优秀的文化产品、服务和行动都是以个体创造性为特征的,先有创造后有复制,复制是文化产业的下游和低端,没有创意的文化不可能有市场。文化理论多源于哲学、社会理论和语言学,具有自觉的批判精神,而文化产业研究则更多与各种类型的实证主义相联系,前者属于人文学,后者属于社会科学,也只有在比较抽象的理论层次才能将文化理论与文化产业理论打通。

No matter how the cultural industries evolve,it is still deeply rooted in the history of culture,relateddiscussion about cultural industries,all can but also must look for resources and motivation from past theories.From“Cultural Industry”to“Cultural Industries”,it almost is a process of rectification for Cultural Industries.In thetraditional social elite class and its aesthetic discourse,there is the concept and attitude of refusing to commercialize“culture”.Creative industries is not equal to the cultural industries,the reason for creative industries easy to popularizeand seeming to be more respected,lies in that it has avoided for more than two centuries from“Culture”,which keptaway from Industry and economy,while instead used“creation”which didn't have a clear geographical,ethnic or valuemeaning.Any outstanding cultural products,services and actions are characterized by individual creativity,first creation,then copy.Reproduction is the downstream and low-end of cultural industries,there could be no market withoutcreative culture.Cultural theory most originated in philosophy,social theory and linguistics,has a self-conscious criticalspirit,while the research of cultural industries is more associated with various types of positivism.The former belongs tothe humanities,the latter belongs to social science,only in the more abstract level of theory could the cultural theoryand the theory of cultural industries get through.