山陕后稷神话的多元化民间叙事

The Diversified Folk Narrative of the Houji Mythology in Shanxi and Shaanxi

后稷神话作为山西、陕西文化体系中的重要标识,是研究晋陕地域生活场景中民俗生活与民众生存策略的重要资源。后稷神话在民间表现出与主流社会不同的传承方式和叙事形态,口头、空间、行为三种叙事手段将兼具始祖神与农业神双重神格的后稷塑造为中华农耕文化的灵魂人物,其神职功能更为多元化,除了"教民稼穑"的重要功能之外,又有司雨、治病、驱邪等现实职能;其神格品质在保持正祀之神基本特点的同时,也显现着地方化、民间化的趋势。不同时空环境下的后稷神话在人与自然、民众与社会、主流与民间的交流互动中转化为具有现实意义的地方性知识,不同的民间叙事模式体现了经典神话叙事的民间传承过程,实现了官方意识形态与民众现实生活诉求的对接,获得了更为广阔的生存空间。可见,民间文化的发展是一个动态的过程,具有心灵和物质的双重要求,在乡村社会现代化进程中,民间文化的真正发展更重要的是要营建一个充满和谐、平等和宽容的社会民俗环境,就此而言,对神话在民间的传承规律进行研究无疑具有重要的现实意义。

Houji mythology,as an important symbol in the cultural system of Shanxi and Shaanxi,is an importantresource for studying the folklore life and demotic survival strategy in Shanxi and Shaanxi.Houji mythology in thefolklore and the mainstream society shows different inheriting way and narrative pattern.Houji who had double godheadof both the ancestor God and agriculture God is portrayed as the soul of Chinese farming culture through oral,spatialand behavioral three narrative means.The clergy function of Houji is more diversified.In addition to the importantfunction of“teaching people to sow and reap”,there are also practical functions such as raining,curing patients andexorcism.While maintaining the basic characteristics of the god,Houji’s quality of the god also shows a localizationand folk tendency.The myth of Houji in different time and space environments is transformed into local knowledge withrealistic meaning in the interactions between human and nature,people and society,mainstream and folk.Houjimythology’s folk narrative mode embodies the folk inheriting process of classical myth narration,and achieves theconnection between official ideology and people’s realistic lives appeal,so it obtains a broader living space.It isobvious that the development of folk culture is a dynamic process with both spiritual and material requirements.In theprocess of rural social modernization,the real development of folk culture is more important to build a harmonious,equal and tolerant social and folk environment.Up to this point,it is undoubtedly that researching the myth’sinheriting law in the folk has great practical significance.