河南民间文化研究的发展轨辙

The Development of Henan Folk Culture Study

民间文化是一种特殊的文化遗产,不仅存留着一个民族坚韧的信仰与情感,而且是无数民众各种风俗生活的重要依据。河南的民间文化研究起步较早,有几次重要的转折。总体看来,大致可分为四个阶段:第一个阶段是五四时期至20世纪40年代,属于传统意义上的学理研究。受新文化运动的影响,这一阶段的主要成就是形成了一个民间歌谣搜集整理的学术群体,搜集整理了大量的民间文学、民俗学原始资料。第二个阶段从20世纪50年代至20世纪80年代中期,属于较多显示出意识形态范畴的文化研究。这一阶段的成就集中表现在朱芳圃的神话理论、孙作云的图腾理论和张振犁的民间故事研究。第三个阶段从20世纪80年代中期至21世纪初,民俗学的研究更为突出。这一阶段承上启下的人物为张振犁,他的突出贡献在于中国古代神话研究"中原神话"的重要发现,及其影响下的"中原神话学派"的形成。第四个阶段是近年来至当前,这是一个全新的格局。此一阶段虽然河南民间文化研究呈现出可喜的局面,但中原文化学派能否形成尚有待努力和观察。

Folk culture is a kind of special cultural heritage,which not only has a strong belief and emotion of anation,but also is an important basis for countless people’s customs.The study of folk culture in Henan started earlierand had several important transitions.Generally speaking,it can be divided into four stages:the first stage is from theperiod of May4th Movement to1940s.Affected by the new culture movement,the main achievement of this stage isthe formation of an academic group for collecting folk ballads,collected a large number of folk literature and originalfolklore materials;second stages from1950s to mid-1980s,cultural studies of this stage more showed the ideologicalcategory,the achievements of this stage were expressed in Zhu Fangpu’s myth theory,Sun Zuoyun’s Totem theory andZhang Zhenli’s study of folk tales;third stages from mid-1980s to early twenty-first Century,the study of folklore wasmore prominent,the key link character was Zhang Zhenli,his outstanding contribution is an important discovery of“Central Plains myth”in Chinese ancient mythology study,and under this influence formed the“Central Plains mythschool”;the fourth stage is from the recent years to present,it is a new pattern.Although the study of folk culture inHenan presents a gratifying situation,the formation of the Central Plains cultural school remains to be studied andobserved.