区块链技术在教育领域的应用模式与现实挑战

The Application Model and Challenges of Blockchain Technology in Education

区块链技术被视为继云计算、物联网、大数据之后的又一项颠覆性技术,受到各国政府、金融机构以及科技企业的高度关注。区块链技术在本质上是一种通过去中心化、高信任的方式集体维护一个可靠数据库的技术方案,其核心技术包括分布式账本技术、非对称加密算法以及智能合约等,具有去中心化、共识机制、可追溯性以及高度信任等特征。区块链技术作为比特币的底层技术不仅在金融等领域日益应用,在教育领域同样具有较大的应用潜力,有望在互联网+教育生态的构建上发挥重要作用,推动教育体系变革。借鉴金融领域区块链应用的经验,教育领域的区块链主要体现为六大应用模式:建立个体学信大数据、打造智能化教育淘宝平台、开发学位证书系统、构建开放教育资源新生态、实现网络学习社区"自组织"运行以及开发去中心化教育系统。当然,由于教育领域自身的独特性和复杂性,区块链技术的应用也面临教育应用推广运行难、教育数据产权模糊、数据存储空间有限以及区块链技术自身安全隐患所引起的师生隐私保护风险等诸多挑战。

Blockchain technology is regarded as another disruptive technology after the cloud computing,Internet of things and big data,which is received high concern by the governments,financial institutions andtechnology enterprises.Essentially,blockchain technology is a kind of technical scheme to maintain a reliabledatabase by means of decentralization and high trust.Its core technologies include distributed accountingtechnology,asymmetric encryption algorithm and intelligent contract.Furthermore,it has the distinguishedcharacteristics such as decentralization,consensus mechanism,traceability and high trust.Nowadays,as theunderlying technology of bitcoin,blockchain technology is not only applied in the field of finance,but also has greatpotential in education.What's more,it is expected to play an important role in the construction of internet+education ecology to promote the reform of educational system.According to the experience and enlightenment fromthe application of blockchain in the financial field,the blockchain in education is mainly embodied in the sixapplication modes:establishing individual knowledge big data,creating intelligent educational platform of Taobao,developing degree certificate system,constructing new ecology of open education resources,achieving"self-organization"operation of network learning community and developing the decentralization of educationsystem.Obviously,due to the uniqueness and complexity in education,the blockchain technology application ineducation is also faced with many challenges,including the difficulty to operate in education application,theconfusion of educational data property,the limited data storage space and the security risks of teachers andstudents'privacy protection caused by blockchain technology itself.