陶集《五孝传》《四八目》真伪考辨

A Textual Research of the Authenticity of Wu Xiao Zhuan and Si Ba Mu in Tao Yuanming's Anthology

学术界对《五孝传》、《集圣贤群辅录》(又名《四八目》)是否为陶渊明所作的争议由来已久,阳休之编的十卷本收录了这两篇作品,而萧统编的八卷本陶集未收。学术界以《五孝传》《集圣贤群辅录》为赝作的观点是错误的,原因在于:其一,萧统当年或许看过《五孝传》和《集圣贤群辅录》,但他以为这二篇非是文学创作,故未编入陶集;其二,或许萧统确实搜罗未见,然阳休之看到了并编入陶集中;其三,《集圣贤群辅录》后面记东晋人物,有"近世闻之故老",或称"闻之于故老"之语,说明陶渊明当时采录了古老之说。这些理由都证明《五孝传》《集圣贤群辅录》并非赝作,而是出于陶渊明之手的作品。

It has been a long-time controversy in the academia over whether Wu Xiao Zhuan and JishengQunxian Fulu(Si Ba Mu)were written by Tao Yuanming.The ten-volume anthology compiled by YangXiuzhi included these two works,while the eight-volume one compile by Xiao Tong did not.It is wrong forthe academia to consider them as counterfeits,and the reasons go as follows.First,Xiao Tong had probablyread Wu Xiao Zhuan and Jisheng Qunxian Fulu,but he did not classify the two works as literature,so hedid not include them in Tao’s anthology.Second,it was possible that Xiao Tong failed to collect thesetwo works,but Yang Xiuzhi found and compiled them in Tao’s anthology.Third,when writing about thecharacters in the East Jin Dynasty in the latter part of Jisheng Qunxian Fulu,Tao used such sentences as“I learned about this from the elderly people in modern times”and“I heard about this from the elderlypeople”,which shows that Tao Yuanming collected at his time the past stories.All these points proved thatWu Xiao Zhuan and Jisheng Qunxian Fulu are not counterfeits,but were actually written by Tao Yuanming.