《说文》“食”部文字探微

An Exploration of the “Shi Bu” Characters in Shuo Wen Jie Zi

文章对《说文·食部》字进行了系统的探究。从"■"的字形演变入手考证其本义,认为"食"的本义为器皿中盛满食物,且"食"部字大多与"食物"或"吃"有关。通过语义分类整理,发现《食部》字大多与食物名称、食物性状、饮食动作、饮食状态、宴饮和祭祀有关,并伴有地域特色,进而深入发掘我国古代农业水平发达、食物种类繁多、烹饪技法娴熟、宴饮时空有制以及饮食与祭祀的渊源等传统饮食文化内涵,从而加深对《食部》字文化特征的理解。

This paper attaches importance to discussing Shuo Wen Shi Bu based on semantic categorizationand cultural connotation.The paper reveals that the original meaning of“Shi”is utensils full of food,and most of the characters collected in Shi Bu are phonological characters related to“food”and“eating”.According to the interpretations,a majority of the characters are related to food names,food traits,consumption motions and attitudes,banquet activities and sacrifice rites with regional characteristics,whichdemonstrates the high agricultural level of ancient China,the diversity of food,the skills of cooking,thetime and space of feasts,and the correlation between food and sacrifice.The traditional diet culture mayimprove the cultural characteristics of Shi Bu.