政社分开与团结:政府购买社会服务第三方评估的风险及其治理——基于S市的评估实践

Separation and Unity of Government-Society:The Risks and Governing Methods of the Third Party Assessment under Government Purchasing Social Services:Based on the Evaluation Practice in “S” City

近年来,在社会体制改革与社会治理创新进程推动下,政府购买社会服务第三方评估应运而生,成为强化政府职能转移、提高社会组织能力、促进政社分开与合作治理机制形成的重要力量。基于对S市政府购买社会服务的实证研究发现,政府购买社会服务第三方评估实践中存在着结构性风险、合法性风险、有效性风险和道义性风险,这与第三方评估的结构性地位尚未确立、合法性机制缺位、权威性难以彰显、自主性缺失密切相关,其根本原因在于政社关系结构失衡。基于此,笔者尝试借助政社分开与团结取向,为分析政府购买社会服务中政府与社会力量的关系提供一种新视角,并通过重构第三方评估的结构性位置、重建其合法性基础、强化第三方评估的权威性特质、反思和加强第三方评估的能力体系等方面,探求上述多重风险的治理之道;在实践中探寻一种迈向政社分开与团结取向下的第三方评估模式。这可能是重构当前基层社会治理中政社关系结构的创新举措。

In recent years, under the impetus of social system reform and social governance innovation, the third party evaluation of government purchasing social services has emerged as an important force to strengthen the transfer of government functions, to improve the ability of social organizations and to promote the formation of cooperative governance mechanism about separation and unity of government and society. Based on the empirical study on the purchase of social services by the government in “S” city, which finds that the third party assessment has structural, legal, validity, moral and other risks in the practice of government procurement of social services. Above risks are closely related to disestablished structural status, the absence of legitimacy mechanism, unreflecting of the authority and less autonomy in the third party assessment practice. The most fundamental reason is the imbalance structural relationship between government and society. Therefore, the article tries to provide a new perspective to analyze the relationship between the government and social forces in the current government procurement of social services, and to explore the governing methods of multiple risks by reconstructing the structural position, reconstructing its legitimacy foundation, strengthening the authoritative characteristics, reflecting and strengthening the competence system in the third party evaluation. In conclusion,the article aims to explore a third party assessment model, which is moving toward division and solidarity between the government and society. The model may be the innovation initiatives, which reconstruct the structural relationship between government and society in grass-roots social governance.