从“中东铁路”的修筑看沙俄对华外交谈判的策略

The Strategy of Russian Diplomatic Negotiations with China from the Construction of China Eastern Railway

中东铁路是中、日、俄三国政治军事斗争的产物,对中国来说,修路的本意是联合俄国抵制日本的侵略。然而,这条铁路不但没有起到抵御日本侵略的作用,反而给俄国侵华提供了便利。在中东铁路的谈判过程中,俄国政府为了迫使清政府上钩,使尽了狡猾奸诈之手段。对清政府来说,中东铁路的修筑是"联俄"政策的重大失误。李鸿章等高层决策者没有认清俄国人的邪恶本质,导致中国面临被瓜分的危机,应该对此负有直接责任。

China Eastern Railway was a product of the political and military conflict among China, Japan and Russia. China's original intention of the construction of the Railway was to ally with Russia to resist Japan's aggression. However, the railway failed to play a role in resisting Japan's aggression; instead, it provided convenience for the Russian invasion of China. During the negotiation for the China Eastern Railway, Russian government tried all sorts of cunning and despicable means to force the Qing government to swallow the bait. In fact, the construction of the China Eastern Railway is a major mistake for the "alliance with Russia" policy of the Qing government. Li Hongzhang and other senior policymakers did not see through Russia's evil nature, and they should bear the direct responsibility for the crisis that China was carved up.