中国火成岩油气勘探开发现状及展望

Status and prospect of igneous oil and gas exploration and development in China

火成岩储集层作为油气勘探开发的新领域,已引起石油界和学者的关注和兴趣,但火成岩为孔隙和裂缝双重介质储层,勘探开发理论和技术仍亟待完善和丰富。在对相关文献调研的基础上,综述了我国火成岩油气藏分布情况、勘探历程及勘探开发现状。对成熟的火成岩油气藏地震勘探、岩性识别、岩相分析、储层岩性测井识别、裂缝预测等勘探技术,火成岩油气藏空气钻井、欠平衡钻井、控压钻井、复合钻井和自动垂直钻井等技术,火成岩油气藏完井技术,火成岩气藏、裂缝性稠油油藏、储层改造等技术进行了介绍。从火成岩油气藏形成机制、勘探的难点、开发的瓶颈等方面分析了我国火成岩油气藏勘探开发面临的挑战。从国家能源需求、常规油气勘探开发先进技术的保障、前沿交叉学科、国外先进的经验等方面展望了我国火成岩油气勘探开发前景。

Igneous reservoirs,as the new fields of oil and gas exploration and development,have aroused the concerns and interestsof petroleum industry and scholars.However,igneous rocks are dual-medium reservoirs with pores and fractures,so the related explorationand development theories and technologies shall be completed and enriched.In this paper,distribution situations,exploration historyand exploration and development status of igneous oil and gas reservoirs in China were reviewed by investigating the related literatures.Then,a series of technologies for the exploration,drilling,completion and reservoir stimulation of igneous oil and gas reservoirs wereintroduced,including seismic prospecting,lithological identification,lithofacies analysis,logging identification of reservoir lithology,fracture prediction,air drilling,underbalanced drilling,managed pressure drilling,combined drilling,automatic vertical drilling,wellcompletion and the reservoir stimulation technologies for igneous gas reservoirs and fractured heavy oil reservoirs.The challenges tothe exploration and development of igneous oil and gas reservoirs in China were analyzed from the aspects of formation mechanisms,exploration difficulties and development bottlenecks of igneous oil and gas reservoirs.And finally,the prospect of igneous oil and gasexploration and development in China was forecasted from the aspects of national energy demand,guarantee of advanced conventionaloil and gas exploration and development technologies,leading interdiscipline and advanced foreign experience.