直隶总督与清末师范教育的创立与发展

The Governor of Zhili and the Establishment and Development of Normal Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末新政时期,直隶教育领域的改革成效尤为显著,这些成绩的取得得益于清末直隶总督的全力管控与推动。随着各级各类新学堂的不断创办,学生数量日益增多,师资短缺成为制约新学堂发展的一大障碍。为了解决这一问题,在清末历任直隶总督的倡导与推动下,直隶的师范教育开始创立并逐渐发展起来。对清末直隶教育发展贡献较大的总督有四位,分别是袁世凯、杨士骧、端方和陈夔龙,他们上任伊始就开始积极倡办师范教育。随着直隶省级教育行政机构的建立,师范教育的发展进一步规范化。为了快速解决办学初期的师资短缺问题,直隶州县还设立师范传习所来培训师资。

During the Late Qing Dynasty,the effectiveness of the education reform was particularlysignificant in Zhili Province.These achievements benefited from the control and promotion of Zhili governors.With the continuous development of the new schools,the number of students is increasing and shortage ofteachers had become a major obstacle to the development of new schools.In order to solve this problem,normal education started and gradually developed under the initiative and promotion of the governor.Therewere four governors who contributed much to education.They were Yuan Shikai,Yang Shixiang,Duan Fangand Chen Kuilong.As soon as they began to work,they began to actively promote teacher education.With theestablishment of educational administrative institutions,teacher education was becoming more and morestandardized.In order to solve the problems of shortage of teachers,the counties also established normalschools to train teachers.