核糖体蛋白家族在肿瘤发生、发展中作用的研究进展

Ribosomal protein family in tumorigenesis and development

核糖体是蛋白质合成场所,核糖体蛋白质是核糖体主要成分,但其性质不稳定,容易被核质蛋白酶降解,当细胞核糖体亚单位合成增加时,细胞功能发生调节异常继而出现代谢紊乱,导致细胞异常增殖及功能障碍,甚至发生恶性转化。肿瘤的发生、发展常伴有基因组不稳定,会导致编码核糖体蛋白基因改变,肿瘤周边区域乏氧和营养不足,治疗所使用的化学药物和放射线都可能影响到核糖体合成,核糖体蛋白质失衡或者功能障碍都会导致核糖体压力,会刺激核糖体蛋白质以游离核糖体的形式增多。快速生长和增殖的肿瘤细胞较体细胞需要更多的核糖体合成机制,促进核糖体合成。大量研究证实了核糖体蛋白在肿瘤中表达异常,提示我们核糖体蛋白在人类疾病及肿瘤发生与发展中发挥着重要作用。核糖体蛋白家族是人体细胞内合成蛋白质的主要成员,在遗传信息的传递过程中发挥着不可替代的作用,但是合成蛋白质传递遗传信息并不是核糖体蛋白的唯一功能,其还发挥着蛋白质翻译以外的功能。目前的研究结果证明,核糖体蛋白家族通过调控癌基因和抑癌基因表达,调控细胞周期和凋亡,促进血管生成,协同染色体基因发挥更加广泛作用,调节肿瘤增殖,浸润,转移等恶性生物学行为。核糖体蛋白家族在肿瘤的发生与发展中发挥着重要作用,是促进肿瘤发生与发展的重要因素。

Ribosomal protein(RP)is a major component of the ribosome which are the sites of protein synthesis.However,RP is not stale,easy to be degradated by nuclear protease.When the synthesis of cellular ribosomal subunits is increased,the abnormal regulation of cell function and metabolic disorder leads to abnormal cell proliferation and dysfunction,and even malignant transformation.Tumor onset and progression,often accompanied by genomic instability,will lead to the change of encoding ribosomal protein gene,tumor regional hypoxia and nutritional deficiencies.Chemical drugs used in treatment and radiation may affect the ribosome synthesis,ribosomal protein imbalance or dysfunction.All of these factors lead to ribosomal stress,which stimulates the formation of ribosomal proteins in the form of free ribosomes.The rapid growth and proliferation of tumor cells requires more ribosome synthesis mechanism than somatic cells,which promotes the synthesis of ribosomes.A large number of studies have confirmed the abnormal expression of ribosomal proteins in tumors,suggesting that ribosomal proteins play an importantrole in the development and progression of human diseases and tumors.Ribosomal protein family,the key members of the body forprotein synthesis,play an irreplaceable role in the process of genetic information transfer and also play other functions besides protein translation.The research results showed the ribosomal protein family could regulate tumor cell cycle and apoptosis,and promotetumor proliferation,infiltration,metastasisangiogenesis,or ohter malignant biological behaviors through regulating oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expression or collaborating with chromosome genes.The ribosomal protein family which play an important role in the occurrence and development of the tumor,is one of the important factors in promoting tumor occurrence and development.