野生种质拓宽中国大豆遗传基础的SSR标记分析

SSR Marker Analysis on Genetic Basis of Wild Germplasm in China

【目的】鉴定和发掘野生大豆种质可利用的优异等位变异,为进一步有效地利用野生大豆资源开展大豆分子辅助育种工作提供参考信息。【方法】采用SSR标记技术对具有野生大豆血缘的大豆推广品种及其亲本进行遗传变异性分析。【结果】10个大豆育成品种分别遗传利用了野生大豆和栽培大豆亲本的19个和10个特有等位变异,并产生了其亲本不具有的18个新的等位变异;野生大豆的小粒、高硬脂酸含量、多荚以及抗胞囊线虫等优良性状基因较易被其育成的大豆品种选择利用。【结论】野生和栽培大豆的种间杂交并不单纯是遗传物质的简单组合,它可以通过基因的重组创造出新的优良基因型种质。因而利用野生大豆特有的等位变异创造新的基因型,扩大栽培大豆的遗传多样性,进而拓宽大豆的遗传基础是有效和可行的途径。

【Objective】To identify and explore the excellent allelic variation of wild soybean germplasm,and provide reference information for excavating the excellent genetic resources of wild soybean efficiently by molecular assisted breeding.【Method】The SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic variability of soybean cultivars and their parents with wild soybean genetic background.【Results】10soybean cultivars were genetic use of wild soybean and cultivated soybean were19and10unique alleles,and had their parents with18new alleles;soybean varieties of small,wild soybean high stearic acid content,pod and cyst nematode resistance and other excellent genes easily bred by the breeding varieties.【Conclusion】Interspecific hybridization between wild and cultivated soybeans is not just a simple combination of genetic material,it can create a new excellent genotype by genetic recombination.Therefore,those marker genotypes in wild soybean could be directly used to creating a new genotype through themarker-assistant selection,to expand the genetic diversity and broaden the genetic basis of soybean.