美国页岩气开发的环境监管机制研究——以俄亥俄州为例

Environmental Supervision Mechanism with Regard to Shale Gas Development in America—Shale Gas Development in Ohio, for Example

我国亟待建设一套针对页岩气的行之有效的环境监管机制。美国在页岩气开发中形成了一套以政府为主导、以权力监督为主线,以社区为主要关注点、以权利监督为侧重,以第三部门为辅助、进行广泛社会监督,最后以产业界自我监督为核心动力的有机的环境监管机制。四方监管力量平等理性合作、弥合分歧,形成了灵活、兼顾经济和技术可行性的监管框架。我国可参考与借鉴这一监管机制,以提升我国页岩气开发环境监管的灵活性、有效性与环境友好性。

In America, in the process of shale gas development, a set of environmental supervision mechanisms has been established,which is characterized by government domination, focusing on power supervision, paying concerns on the community, paying particular emphasis on right supervision, with the help of the third sector to conduct a broad social supervision, taking self-supervision as the core driving force. In addition, power of supervision from the four departments can cooperate equally and rationally, and narrow difference each other. As a result, a supervision framework that is characterized by flexible, giving consideration to both economic and technical feasibility has been formed. In order to improve the flexibility, effective and environment friendly of our efforts with regard to shale gas development environmental supervision, China should consult and draw lessons from this regulatory mechanism of America.