海州露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的土壤水文效应评价

Evaluation of Soil Hydrology Effects of the Vegetation Restortion in Haizhou Open-pit Coal Mine Dump

为揭示排土场复垦区植被恢复的土壤水文效应,选取12个环境因子作为排土场植被恢复过程中土壤水文效应评价指标,采用层次分析法确定各评价指标权重,建立排土场土壤水文效应评价指标体系和评价模型,并对6种复垦植被类型下(刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia林地、榆树林地、混交林地、灌木林地、农地和荒草地)土壤水文效应进行评价。结果表明:(1)土壤因子、水分因子和植被因子的权重值分别为0.513 8、0.193 0和0.293 2,各个评价指标的综合权重在0.031 8~0.146 2之间;(2)排土场不同植被恢复模式的土壤水文效应综合指数大小顺序为刺槐林地(0.553 85)>混交林地(0.534 9)>榆树林地(0.521 3)>灌木林地(0.429 2)>荒草地(0.375 3),较农地(0.361)分别提高53.41%、48.17%、44.4%、18.89%和3.96%;(3)植被恢复可以有效地改善排土场的土壤水文效应,且以乔木林恢复效果更佳。该研究可为排土场不同植被恢复过程中土壤水文效应的评价提供较为科学的评价指标体系,同时为排土场土地复垦和生态恢复与重建提供理论依据和新的分析角度。

To reveal the soil hydrology effect of vegetation restoration in the reclamation dump,12environmental factors wereselected as the evaluation indexes,the weight of each evaluation index was determined by the AHP method,the evaluation systemand model was established,then,the soil hydrology effects of6reclaimed vegetation(Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.forest,Ulmuspumila L.forest,mixed forest,shurb,farmland,waste-grassland)were evaluated.The results showed that:(1)the weight value ofsoil,water and vegetation was0.5138,0.1930and0.2932,respectively.The comprehensive weight of each evaluation index wasranged from0.0318to0.1462.(2)The comprehensive index was in the order of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.forest(0.55385)>mixed forest(0.5349)>Ulmus pumila L.forest(0.5213)>shrub(0.4292)>waste-grassland(0.3753).Compared with thefarmland,the comprehensive index of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.forest,mixed forest,Ulmus pumila L.forest,shurb,waste-grassland increased by53.41%,48.17%,44.4%,18.89%and3.96%,respectively.And(3)the soil hydrology effect of thedump was effectively improved through vegetation restoration,especially the arbor forest.This study not only provide scientificevaluation index system in the process of vegetation restoration,but also provide theoretical basis and the new analytical perspectivefor ecological restoration and reconstruction in the dump.