基于GIS的卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境选择与利用

GIS-based Research on Giant Panda Habitat Selection and Use in Wolong Nature Reserve

在ArcGIS 10.2的支持下,分析卧龙自然保护区大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)在地形因子(海拔、坡度和坡向)和生物因子(植被、竹林类型)上的生境选择(动物利用某种生境类型面积占其家域的比例)与利用(动物家域内某生境类型面积与保护区的这一类型面积的比例)特征进行了定量研究。结果表明,(1)地形因子:卧龙大熊猫在生境选择过程中,生境利用率较高的海拔区间为1 5 00~3 000 m,平均利用率达到了55.93%,而生境选择的主要海拔区间为2 000~3 500 m,占空间利用面积的89.64%;大熊猫生境利用在坡度上相对均匀,而生境选择的主要坡度区间为20°~50°,占空间利用面积的85.56%;生境利用率最高的坡向区间为270°~315°,占比达到了31.88%。(2)生物因子:大熊猫生境利用率较高的植被类型区域为亚高山针叶林与常绿落叶阔叶林,利用率分别为51.04%和70.20%;而生境选择的主要植被类型区域为针叶林与针阔混交林,占空间利用面积的90.23%;生境利用率最高的竹林类型区域为冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)林,利用率达到了51.63%,而生境选择的主要竹林类型为拐棍竹(Fargesia robusta)和冷箭竹,二者占空间利用面积的95.20%。研究结果揭示了在不同地形和生物因子分异区间(类型)大熊猫的生境面积分布和空间利用模式特征,丰富了大熊猫生境选择与利用特征的研究手段。

Used ArcGIS10.2,we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of habitat selection(The ratio between the area ofwildlife used habitat and home range area)and use(The ratio between the area of a habitat factor in home range of wild life and thetype of entire protected area)of giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)on terrain(e.g.,elevation,slope and aspect)and biologicalfactors(e.g.,vegetation,bamboo)in Wolong Nature Reserve,Sichuan China.The results showed that giant panda prefer to theelevation range of2000~3500m,accounting for89.64%of this elevation in entire protected area,while elevation selection mainlywere found at the range of1500~3000m,accounting for55.93%of the total space use area of giant panda.Giant pandas’habitatuse on slope were relative unifier,mainly ranging from20°~50°,accounting for85.56%of the distribution.The aspect for panda useranged from270°~315°,accounting for31.88%of the whole protected area,but on home scale,they more preferred to choose theaspect ranging from135°~315°.The majority of pandas’habitat utilization were found in the coniferous forest and mixed evergreenand deciduous broad-leaved forest,accounting for51.04%and70.20%of the total area distribution respectively.The mainvegetation types in habitat selection of giant panda were coniferous forest and mixed needle,accounting for90.23%of the space usearea;51.63%of pandas’utilization distribution were in arrow bamboo forest,while,pandas more like to choose Fargesia robustaand Bashania fangiana which accounted for95.20%within home range.Our results reveal differentiation among different terrainintervals and biological factors in panda habitat utilization and selection patterns.This research further enriches methods in analyzingpanda habitat selection and use characteristics.