俄罗斯国家主导体育管理模式的基本特征及其启示

Basic characteristics of and inspirations from the sports management mode governed by the country of Russia

以俄罗斯宪法、法律和体育发展纲要为线索,以官方文献和数据为基础,归纳和分析了俄罗斯国家主导体育管理模式的三个基本特征:以宪法为基础的国家体育法规体系,以联邦总统为首的国家体育管理机构体系,以及以预算保障为主的国家体育财政制度。概述了俄罗斯的国家体育价值观,论述了国家体育价值观与国家体育管理模式间的关系,并进一步阐述了研究俄罗斯国家体育管理模式所得到的启示。首先,确立先进的国家体育价值理念是建立现代体育管理模式的基础,而国家体育价值理念的核心是"体育为谁"的问题。此外,大众体育是一个国家社会政策中十分重要的方面,从侧面反映国家社会政策的方向和本质。

By using Russian constitution, laws and sports development outlines as the clues, and basing on official literature and data, the authors summed up and analyzed three basic characteristics of the sports management mode governed by the country of Russia: a national sports legal system based on constitution, a national sports management organization system headed by the federal president, and a national sports financial system dominated by budget assurance. The authors summarized Russia’s national sports value view, expounded on the relationship between national sports value view and national sports management mode, and further expatiated on inspirations derived from studying Russia’s national sports management mode. Firstly, establishing an advanced national sports value philosophy is the foundation for building a modern sports management mode, while the core of national sports value philosophy is the issue about “for whom sport is”. Secondly, mass sport is a very important aspect in national social policies; it will reflect the direction and nature of national social policies from one side.