“位”与社会秩序的重建---政治哲学视域中的荀子“位”思想

“Wei” and the Reconstruction of Social Order——On XunZi's Thought of “Wei” from the Perspective of Political Philosophy

荀子试图以儒家价值体系重建社会秩序,主张通过对"位"的强调来完成从天下无道到天下有道的转变,实现社会政治秩序从混乱无序到稳定有序。在荀子的政治哲学中,"位"具有三个层次的涵义:一是处于一定社会关系中的"地位""职位"等;二是与职位相对应的制度、规范等;三是一种各居其位、各守其分,从而达到"万物得宜"之理想状态的哲学思想。"位"虽不同,但"位"皆有"分",每一"分"皆有异于他者的完满自足之价值。各安其位,各守其分,则每一个体都能在其安位守分的主体实践中实现人生价值与意义,社会政治也会和谐稳定有序运行。

XunZi tried to reconstruct the social order with the value system of Confucianism,advocated accomplishing the transition from moral chaos to moral cosmos,and actualizing the shift from a chaotic society to an orderly society by emphasizing“Wei”. In XunZi’s political philosophy,“Wei”has three meanings:the First is“status”or“position”in a certain social relations;the second is“institution”or“regulation”corresponding to“position”,etc;and the third is a philosophy that requires everyone to do their duty in their position so as to achieve the ideal state where“everything has a good location”. There are many kinds of“Wei”,but each of them has the corresponding“obligation”,and every“obligation”has its unique and full value different from others. If everyone can do their duty in their position,each individual will realize the value and meaning of life in subjectival moral practice and the society and politics will run harmoniously and orderly too.