城市养老服务要走“社区化”道路——来自753位城市老年人的实证研究

The Necessity of Community-based Social Services for the Elderly in Urban Areas——Based on an Empirical Research of 753 Elderly People in Urban Areas

城市养老服务是提升城市老年人生活质量的基本保证。城市养老服务究竟要选择何种模式,这是学术界迄今尚未解决的问题。实证研究结果表明:一是老年人希望能在社区养老和由社区来养老,老年人在社区养老的效用和成本效用比明显高于在机构养老;二是社区养老的老年人普遍对政府、社区和志愿服务的满意度偏低;三是城市养老服务体系尚是一种残补体系,政府主导的城市养老服务主要关注点在于民政对象和一些政府力推的示范性社区,而很少关注患有慢性疾病、收入低和受教育程度低的老年人;四是政府靠外力推动的社区养老服务体系不具有可持续性和可复制性。因此,城市养老服务应该走"社区化"道路,建立以增强社区养老服务能力为基础的整合网络。

Urban old-age care service is the basic guarantee of life quality for urban elderly people. In what mode old-age care service should be provided remains a controversial question in the academic circle. Empirical studies show that,firstly,elderly people hope to be taken care of within the communities,with a higher cost-effectiveness of community-based mode than institution-based mode,secondly,elderly people accepting community service generally feel less satisfied with the service of the government,community,and volunteers,thirdly,urban old-age care service system is still an incomplete one,in which government-dominated service is only provided in some exemplary communities and to limited part of the whole population,and fourthly,community-based old-age care service system driven by outside factors cannot be sustained. Therefore,urban old-age care service should be community-based,and an integrated network should be established to strengthen such function of community service.