关于比较文学研究的反思

Reconsiderations on Comparative Literature Study

通过回顾两个世纪以来世界比较文学经历的三次危机,"窄化"、"泛化"、"浅化"三种对"比较文学"的错误理解是导致该学科命运重大转折的根本原因。"窄化"体现在对研究对象、研究范围和可比性的过紧限制和狭义理解上;"泛化"体现在文化研究对比较文学的进攻以及对"比较"方法论的妥协性放弃上;"浅化"体现在"X+Y"式浅层比附、话语独白,以及缺乏对"世界文学"在新语境下作为学科理想和研究方法论的双重认识上。

Through a retrospect of the three crises in comparative literature,the essay concludes the discipline’s significant turnings are caused by three misunderstandings of“comparative literature:“narrowing”,“overgeneralization”,and“superficialization”. Narrowing exists in the over-tight control over study object and horizon,and a narrow understanding of comparability;Overgeneralization exists in cultural study’s aggression to comparative literature and a compromising abandonment of comparative methodology; Superficialization exists in shallow comparison between X and Y,monologue-like discourse researches,and a lack of dual awareness of“comparative literature”as both disciplinary ideal and methodology in a new context.