孟子心性伦理中良知的内在结构

The Conceptual Structure of Intuitive Knowledge in Mencius's Mind–Nature Ethics

良知是孟子人性论的根据,它架构了心、性、情、理等概念,这与良知的内在结构紧密关联。在孟子的语境中,良知作为人的本然之道德本心,表现为知孝知悌,也是对人之"仁义"这一道德本性的极致化表达,或者说是仁义之最高层次。良知是否是"心统性情"之心,孟子认为,情和性的紧密关系体现为某种对应性的同时,还在实践层面就表现为"情是性之发,性是情之体"的辩证关系。进而从"心—情—性"这一结构来分析孟子的论证逻辑,以此来阐明良知是孟子人性论之根据。

Intuitive knowledge(liangzhi) is the basis for Menciuss theory of human nature,as it binds together major concepts like mind(xin),human nature(xing),human feelings(qing),and principle(li) that are closely linked with its conceptual structure.In Menciuss doctrine,intuitive knowledge refers to humanity's original moral mind,manifests itself as filial love and fraternal respect(xiao-ti),and also denotes the highest expression of benevolence and righteousness(ren-yi).According to Mencius, 'feelings are the manifestations of human nature,while human nature is the originating substance of feelings.' This paper analyzes the logic of Mencius s arguments according to the conceptual structure of mind-feelings-nature to demonstrate the foundational role of intuitive knowledge,and that the composition of this structure is what establishes Menciuss doctrine on human nature.