起哄话语的旁观者参与分析

Analysis of the bystander involvement in Booing

起哄指两人冲突性会话中一方有意将旁观者纳入会话框架的话语现象。本研究采用听众设计框架分析起哄话语中说话人设计旁观者参与会话的话语策略。研究发现起哄发起者主要采用四大话语策略将旁观者纳入会话框架:眼神示意、肢体动作、音量调控等非言语线索进行暗示;异空对话的物理设计方式;模糊指向的指示语暗示和扩大立场的指示语语言策略暗示;命令言语行为的语言策略明示。研究起哄者如何设计旁观者参与会话,有助于交际者预期会话的发展趋势,对话语策略作出适当调整,从而使交际得以顺畅进行。

Booing refers to the conversation in which one of the two conflict parties takes some strategies to incorporate the bystanders into the conversation.This research has adopted the audience design framework to analyze the discursive strategies of the speaker in a conflict dialogue to involve the bystanders in the conversation.It is found that the speaker uses the following four major categories of strategies to involve the bystanders:the paralinguistic strategies such as eye contact,body language,volume control and other nonverbal cues;dialogue happening in a dialectical space through physical design;ambiguous deixis and expansive stance-taking deixis;explicit Speech Act of command.The findings are intended to help the communicators to expect the direction of the communication so that they can coordinate their communicative strategies.