中国艾滋病疫情防治影响因素的社会文化分析

The Factors interacting AIDS Prevention and Control in China

我国艾滋病疫情的发展深受经济政治和社会变革的影响,防治艾滋病理应在流行病学知识基础上增加对其社会性的理解。改革开放以来,我国所经历的市场化、个体化和法制化进程使得艾滋病疫情在不同阶段形成不同的主要传播途径,进而形成不同的高危人群,呈现出"经血液传播为主"到"经性传播为主"的途径变化,以及从吸毒人员等高危人群向老年男性等一般目标人群扩散的态势。市场化浪潮下的贫富差距推动了血液和性的商业化,观念层面个体主义的兴起更进一步深化了权利意识、刺激了个体需求,法制化进程推进的同时,和艾滋病防治需求之间仍存在差距。同时,疫情的发展与遏止也脱离不开中国传统文化的土壤,这些因素向我国艾滋病防治事业提出了种种机遇和挑战。

The development of AIDS epidemic and its control in China is deeply affected by economic,politicaland social changes in modern era.To prevent AIDS,it is quite important to take its sociality into account.Sincethe Reform and Opening-up,China has experienced the process of marketization,individualization and legislationwhich interact with HIV/AIDS epidemic and developed into different stages.In each stage,specific route oftransmission leads to featured high risk group:IDU is marked as the high risk group while the main route ortransmission is blood,and the high risk group turns into common population such as elder male and men sex withmen(MSM)when the main route of transmission become sexual behavior.Gap between the rich and the poor causedby marketization promoted the commercialization of blood and sex be-havior.The rise of individualism strengthenedindividual need and their consciousness of right.The growth of legal process still implies gaps to support AIDSprevention effectively.The power of traditional culture also has to be explored to make its unique contribution inAIDS prevention.