王阳明基层社会治理思想之特质及其启示

The Characteristics and Enlightenment of Wang Yangming's Thoughts on Society Governance at the Grass-roots Level

王阳明在基层社会治理中宽猛相济、恩威并重、礼法兼施,具体包括济灾民减民负以抚民心、举乡约束乡民以治民乱、行牌法保甲以稳秩序、疏盐法征商税以缓民困、兴社学行教化以化民俗、设流官制土官以治基层、设县治以安民治贼等,呈现为德治与礼法兼施、民本与王权共治、上中下三条路线共行、民族自治与土流合治、无为而治以裕民教民相统一的特点,体现了治心与治世、治内与治外、治上与治下相统一的基层治理特征。其治心治世、民本德治、乡村自治、无为而治等基层治理思想对当今基层社会之制度建设、道德建设、德治法治、村民自治、三农建设皆具有一定启示意义。

Wang Yangming simultaneously took use of the method of leniency and severe, kindness and merciless, etiquette and rule of law during his grass-roots society governance, which specifically includedrelieving the victims to reduce their burden,drawing up township rules to constraint the villagers’disorder, setting up the Pai-fa and Bao-jia system to stable the social order,drawing the salt-dredging law to levy commercial tax, setting up local schools to educate the residents, arranging the adventitious official to restrict thegrass-roots official’s power, setting up county system to appease the local residents and put down the robbers.Besides, Wang Yangming also used the moral and legal method, people-oriented and monarchical power, village autonomy policy and even governing by doing nothing that goes against nature. In a word, Wang Yangming’s grass-roots society governance is the unity of inner-mind governing and society governing, intrinsic and external governing, superior and subordinate governing. Wang Yangming’s inner-mind and society governing, people-oriented moral governance, village autonomy thought are still of certain significance to the current grass-roots social system construction, moral construction,rule by law, villager autonomy and the rural construction.