唐宋之际敦煌寺院“纳官”考释

Contributions of the Dunhuang Temples to Government at the Turn of Tang and Song dynasties

敦煌寺院经济文书中的"纳官"活动与传世典籍记载的纳官不尽相同。除节日期间的造食贺官、以官方名义支出食料和食品外,还包括赋税、助修弥勒、水利维修等。在归义军政权中后期,频繁的纳官活动使敦煌寺院与世俗政权双方的联系逐渐加强。一方面表明了晚唐、五代、宋初时期的归义军政权加强了对敦煌佛教的控制,使之为世俗政权服务;另一方面反映出敦煌的佛教进一步走向世俗化和社会化。

Contribution activities recorded in the economic documents of Dunhuang temples are not all the some as the contributions described in historical classics. Besides the preparation and distribution of food in the name of government at festivals, contribution activities are also made in the forms of tax, reparation of the maitreya and the water conservancy,etc. During the middle and later periods of the Guiyijun regime, frequent contribution activities kept Dunhuang temples in closer contact with the secular regime. It shows that the Guiyijun Regime strengthened the control over the Dunhuang Buddhism and made it serve for secular regimes in late Tang dynasty,Five dynasties and Song Dynasty;It also demonstrates that Dunhuang Buddhism became more and more secularized and integrated with societies.