晚清时期西方人的汉字教学观

Westerners' Conception of Chinese Character Teaching in Late Qing Dynasty

汉字一直是非汉字圈学生在汉语学习中的一大难题。早在19世纪,来华的西方人即对这一学习难点进行了探讨。本文以西方人编写的汉语汉字教材为依据,进行历史总结,以期对当今的汉字教学提供有益的借鉴。他们把汉字看成正字法的一个部分,关注汉字的认读和书写,注重汉字结构分析和部件学习,在汉字教学和学习上提出了很多行之有效的方法,还编写了很多专用的汉字教材,以应对汉字学习中的不同问题。他们不仅在教学理念上与当今汉字教学有着异曲同工之妙,而且体现了更强的针对性。

Chinese character has been a great obstacle to non-character background students in Chinese learning. Such an obstacle has been discussed among the westerners who immigrated to China as early as 19th century. The history and experience of the teaching materials compiled by westerners are summed,from which the comptemprory Chinese language teaching can learn a lot. These forerunners considered Chinese characters as one section of orthography,concerning the readability and writing of characters,emphasizing structure analysis and components of Chinese characters. They proposed effectvie approaches to Chinese character teaching and learning. Moreover,specified textboo ks have been compiled to resovle diversified difficulties in Chinese character learning. These textbooks have the same character teaching concept of present day,and are more specific to different problems in character learing.