指宾状语句的句法性质及语义、语用制约条件

The Syntax of Object-Oriented Adverbials in Chinese and Their Semantic and Pragmatic Constraints

在指宾状语的句法性质上,文章认为前人提出的次述谓(熊仲儒,2013)或小小句(杨永忠,2014)生成方式,都存在问题,汉语的状态词可直接作状语,指宾状语因而是基础生成的附加语,不是述谓。在制约条件上,结果类受语义制约,它是与表偏离义动结式(陆俭明,1990、2001)具有互补功能的句式:前者专用来表达正常预期义,后者表达偏离预期义。而描述类受语用制约,不是Huang et al.(2009:45)、李劲荣(2007)等所认为的合格与不合格之分,而是受语境影响的接受度高低之别。

In this paper,we argue that the secondary predicate analysis and small clause account for the derivation of objectoriented adverbials,as proposed by Xun(2013)and Yang(2014)respectively,are problematic. Our proposal is that stative adjectives in Chinese can directly function as adverbials and therefore they are base-generated adjuncts,not predicates. As to the constraints,the resultatives are found to be different from the depictives. It is argued that the resultatives are semantically constrained to convey the meaning of exactly expected results,which is in complementary to the meaning of“VAle” constructions,as claimed by Lu(1990,2001)to convey the meaning deviated from the expected results. Meanwhile,the depictives are claimed to be pragmatically constrained,with context determining the different degrees of their acceptability,which is in contrast to Huang et al.(2009:45)and Li(2007)’ s ungrammaticality judgments.