缓控释肥施用对旱作区全膜马铃薯生长及产量的影响

Effects of Slow/controlled Releasing Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Plastic Film Mulched Potato in Dry Farming Area

为明确缓控释肥的施用对全膜马铃薯关键生长指标及产量的影响,分别在高(H)、中(M)和低(L)3种施肥条件下进行了2种不同施肥方式即集中沟施(F)与表层撒施(B)的田间试验。结果表明,缓控释肥施肥水平对旱作全膜马铃薯的主要生长指标(除茎粗)、产量及商品薯率的影响显著,在施用900 kg/hm^2的高肥水平时,其沟施处理的马铃薯产量、大薯率和商品薯率均达到最大,分别达43 609 kg/hm^2、72.1%和92.7%。施肥方式对马铃薯单株结薯数、大薯数、单株薯重、大薯重、产量和大薯率影响显著,且在3种施肥水平下,集中沟施(F)处理的马铃薯产量、大薯率和商品薯率均高于表层撒施(B)处理,其中在高肥水平下HF处理较HB处理平均增产达2 835 kg/hm^2,增产率为6.9%。施肥水平×施肥方式对马铃薯各生长指标和产量影响均不显著。综合来看,缓控释肥在较高水平的施肥(900 kg/hm^2)条件下,集中沟施处理(HF)有利于旱作区全膜马铃薯产量的提高。

Three levels of High(H),middle(M)and low(L)fertilization of slow/controlled releasing fertilizer,and twoapplication methods of furrow(F)and broadcast(B),were studied in order to understand their effects on main growth indexand yield of plastic film mulched potato in field.The fertilizer application level of slow/controlled releasing fertilizersignificantly influenced main growth index(except stem diameter),yield and marketable tuber percentage.High level of900kg/ha of slow/controlled releasing fertilizer combined with furrow application gave the best results,with potato yieldbeing43609kg/ha,large-sized tuber percentage72.1%and marketable tuber percentage92.7%.Also,fertilizer applicationmethods significantly influenced tuber number per plant,large-sized tuber number,tuber weight per plant,large-sized tuberweight,yield and large-sized tuber percentage.Under the three levels of fertilization,furrow application had better potatoyield,large-sized tuber percentage and marketable tuber percentage than that of broadcast application,of which thetreatment of high application rate combined with furrow application method(HF)increased yield by2835kg/ha(6.9%)compared with the treatment of high application rate combined with broadcast application method(HB).No significant interaction of application level x application method was found for all the growth indexes and yields.In general,slow/controlled releasing fertilizer applied at high rate(900kg/ha)and using furrow method is in favor of yield increase ofplastic film mulched potato in dry farming area.