高效翼型舵在潜艇上的应用

High-efficiency airfoil rudders applied to submarines

[目的]现代潜艇对操纵面设计的要求越来越高,使得设计者们需要不断研究新的舵型以提高操纵面的效率,而高效翼型舵是提高操纵面效率的有效措施之一。[方法]为此,在比较分析各种翼型优、缺点的基础上,提出一种优化的高效翼型舵,并采用数值计算的方法,比较分析潜艇上应用这种高效翼型舵与常规NACA舵的水动力特性和对尾部伴流场的影响规律,同时在拖曳水池中开展模型测力试验,发现试验结果与仿真计算结果一致性良好,误差不超过10%。[结果]研究结果表明:高效翼型舵的舵效比常规舵高40%以上,但对艇体总阻力的影响则与常规舵相当,不超过4%;采用高效翼型舵带来的升力效益要比其对艇体总阻力的影响大得多。[结论]表明高效翼型舵在提高操纵效率方面优势明显,有着较好的应用前景。

Modern submarine design puts forward higher and higher requirements for control surfaces,and this creates a requirement for designers to constantly innovate new types of rudder so as to improve the efficiency of control surfaces.Adopting the high-efficiency airfoil rudder is one of the most effective measures for improving the efficiency of control surfaces.In this paper,we put forward an optimization method for a high-efficiency airfoil rudder on the basis of a comparative analysis of the various strengths and weaknesses of the airfoil,and the numerical calculation method is adopted to analyze the influence ruleof the hydrodynamic characteristics and wake field by using the high-efficiency airfoil rudder and the conventional NACA rudder comparatively;at the same time,a model load test in a towing tank was carriedout,and the test results and simulation calculation obtained good consistency:the error between them was less than10%.The experimental results show that the steerage of a high-efficiency airfoil rudder isincreased by more than40%when compared with the conventional rudder,but the total resistance is close:the error is no more than4%.Adopting a high-efficiency airfoil rudder brings much greater lifting efficiency than the total resistance of the boat.The results show that high-efficiency airfoil rudder has obvious advantages for improving the efficiency of control,giving it good application prospects.