紫云英与化肥配施对双季稻产量及氮钾平衡的影响

Effects of combined application of chinese milk vetch with chemical fertilizer on yield and the balance of nitrogen and potassium in double–cropping rice system

采用7年定位大田试验,研究紫云英与化肥配施对双季稻种植制度下水稻产量,产量构成因素,植株氮、钾吸收量及种植体系中氮、钾平衡的影响。结果表明:紫云英与化肥合理配施可提高早、晚稻产量,80%化肥与20%紫云英配施(20%GM)处理的增产效果最佳,早、晚稻两季总产较施100%化肥(100%CF)处理增产8.3%,其次为60%化肥配施40%紫云英(40%GM)处理,增产6.0%;有效穗和每穗实粒数增加是水稻增产的主要原因。紫云英与化肥合理配施可促进早、晚稻对氮素和钾素的吸收,20%GM和40%GM早、晚稻稻谷和稻草的氮素、钾素积累量均较100%CF的高。100%CF、20%GM和40%GM的氮素表观平衡为盈余。所有处理的钾素表观平衡均呈亏缺状态,其中40%GM的钾素亏缺量最大,其次为20%GM。综合考虑作物产量效应、养分吸收利用及土壤肥力维持,在该区域双季稻种植体系中,紫云英所积累的氮、钾素量可替代20%~40%的化学氮、钾素量。

The7–year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying different proportion of combination Astragalus sincus with chemical fertilizer on double rice yield,yield component,absorption of nitrogen and potassium and their apparent balance.Results showed that rational proportion of applying combined Astragalus sincus with chemical fertilizer could increase yield of both early and late rice.Compared to100%CF treatment,the total yield from early and late rice was the highest in treatment with20%GM,which increased by8.3%,followed by the treatment with40%GM,increased by6.0%.The main reason for rice yield increase was derived from the increase of effective paniclesper unit area,grain per panicle as well as plant height.Rational proportion of applying combined Astragalus sincus with chemical fertilizer could increase rice absorption for nitrogen and potassium.The accumulation of nitrogen and potassium whether in rice grain,rice straw or in the total rice plant in treatments of20%GM and40%GM were higher than that intreatment of100%CF.Apparent nitrogen balance was surplus in treatments of100%CF,20%GM and40%GM,whereas,apparent potassium balance was deficient in all the treatments,it was extreme deficient in treatment of40%GM,followed by the treatment of20%GM.Comprehensively taken the crop yield response,nutrient utilization as well as soil fertility cultivation into consideration,chemical fertilizer of nitrogen and potassium could be cut down20%–40%by means of increase the application of Astragalus sincus.