自然审美批评论

On Nature Aesthetic Criticism

传统自然审美有欣赏而无批评,存在自然审美批评空缺,因而并非一种独立、自觉的审美形态。当代自然美学当务之急是像艺术审美那样,发展出一种自觉的与自然审美欣赏相依互益的自然审美批评,建构一套自然审美批评话语体系;这也乃发展此自然审美批评的基础性工作。自然审美批评的核心任务乃解决自然审美客观性立场、自然美内涵与自然审美方法三个基本问题。将自然当自然对待,而非借自然表达人类自身之主观人文趣味与价值,集中感知、理解与体验自然对象本身所有,乃客观性立场之本旨和自然审美独立、自觉之基本前提。物相、物性、物功与物史乃自然审美欣赏之基本内涵;观物、格物与体物乃自然审美欣赏之基本方法。自然审美批评之功能是引导社会大众自然审美欣赏,促进当代自然审美自觉。自然审美批评乃对社会大众当下自然审美欣赏活动的直接性批评,其基本方法有个案评点式、现象总结式与哲学分析式。个案评点乃批评家立足当下个体性自然审美经验进行的审美批评;现象总结式乃批评家对群体性自然审美事件所作的审美批评;哲学分析式乃批评家对感性自然审美经验所作的观念性分析与概括。此三者乃自然审美批评之基本形态。生态批评立足于环境问题与生态观念,对相关文学和文字文本进行阐释,是自然审美批评的间接性形态,前三者之必要补充。

With appreciation only and the lack of criticism,traditional nature aesthetics is not an independent,self-conscious form of aesthetics.It is urgent for contemporary nature aesthetics,like art aesthetics,to develop nature esthetic criticism correlative with nature esthetic appreciation,of which the basic work is to construct a nature aesthetic criticism discourse system.The core mission of nature aesthetic criticism is to make a study on three keyissues of nature aesthetics:connotation,approach and principle of objectiveness.To perceive,understand and experience nature,human should taking nature as a natural object rather than an object human employs to expresssubjective humanistic taste and value,which is the essence of objectiveness principle and the basic premise ofindependent and self-conscious nature aesthetics.The appearance,property,function and history of nature are thevery content of appreciation in nature aesthetics;while to perceive,understand and experience are three approachesof appreciation of nature.The role of nature aesthetic criticism is to guide the public's aesthetic appreciation ofnature and to improve contemporary nature aesthetic consciousness.Natural aesthetic criticism is the direct criticismof the natural aesthetic appreciation activities of the public,the basic approaches of which include case study,phenomenon summarization and philosophical analysis.The first is the aesthetic criticism based on individual’saesthetic experiences;the second is the aesthetic criticism of group aesthetic events;the third is the conceptual analysis and generalization based on sensual nature aesthetic experiences.They are the primary patters of natureaesthetic criticism.Eco-criticism interprets relevant literatures and texts in terms of ecological concepts and environmental issues,which can be viewed as an indirect form of nature aesthetic criticism,a necessary supplement of the above three.