全球世界遗产时空分布与列入标准研究

Study on temporal-spatial distribution and inscription criteria of global World Heritages

为探索世界遗产在全球尺度的时间演变与空间分布,以联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心官方网站的世界遗产信息为数据源,运用统计方法与GIS空间分析研究其时空分布特征和列入标准,得出:1)近40a来每年列入的世界遗产数量呈波动增长态势,且在波动中趋于稳定;2)1978-2016年每年新列入世界遗产数量经历了无显著规律的起步阶段(1978年~1987年)、快速增长的发展阶段(1988年~2000年)和趋于稳定的成熟阶段(2001年至今)三个时期;3)世界遗产空间分布不均衡,集中分布于以意大利和中国为主的西欧和亚太地区;世界遗产的时空分布受自然因子、世界遗产中心的世界遗产策略、人类文明发展历史和文化类型、经济发展水平和社会环境等因素的影响;86.59%的世界遗产符合3条以内的标准,仅有0.58%的世界遗产符合6-7条标准,无符合8条及以上标准的世界遗产,世界遗产内涵的多元化将日益受到关注。

Taking world heritage information on the official website of theUNESCO World Heritage Center as data source,statistical methods and GISspatial analysis were used to research the spatial and temporal distributioncharacteristics and inscription criteria of the world heritage properties.Theresults indicated that:1)the total amount of the world heritage showedcontinuous linear growth in the past near40years;2)the world heritageproperties number had experienced3periods during1978-2016:the initialstage with no significant regularity(1978-1988),the development stage with rapid growth(1989-2000)and mature stage with a tend to be stable(since2001);3)the world heritage distribution is imbalance,mainly distributed inWestern Europe and Asia Pacific region respectively represented by Italy andChina;4)86.59%of world heritage sites were inscribed on the world heritagelist meeting less than3criteria,only0.58%of them were inscribed with6-7criteria,none of the world heritage sites met over8criteria.Thediversification of world heritage connotation will receive more and moreattention.