传统文化的现代性变迁——对胶东渔村面塑祭祀习俗的考察

The Modernistic Change of Traditional Culture:A Case from Dough Modeling's Fete Custom in Jiaodong Fishing Village

中国作为一个传统文化底蕴深厚的文明古国,传统文化在现代社会中的"取舍"问题显得尤为突出。随着城市化的发展,胶东渔村祭祀面塑习俗的形式、内涵正在发生潜移默化的演变,其现代性变迁呈现出习俗分工的明确化,参与群体角色的多元化,受众范围的扩大化以及意识形态的去神秘化等特点;面塑祭祀习俗形式的改变始终未偏离"祭祀"这一核心,但在祭祀仪式被保留的同时,内涵已与过去产生重大差异。面塑祭祀习俗发生现代性变迁的原因在于家庭结构的变化、生产方式和消费需求的改变以及文化认同。面塑祭祀的传统并非胶东地区历史上静止不动的存在,而是胶东地区人们集体记忆加工、传承的建构产物;面塑祭祀传统存续至今并获重构的事实本身说明胶东地域社会对这一重构的需要;面塑祭祀不仅是胶东地区过去与现在的连接媒介,同时还是应对未来各种可能的手段。"现代"的胶东面塑祭祀习俗因为有相应的"传统"习俗而呈现出自身现代的内涵。

China as a country with ancient civilizations particularly concerns about how to deal with the problem of traditional culture in the modern society.With the development of the city,the firm and meaning of dough modeling in Jiaodong fishing village has been changed.Its change shows four features,including clear division of labor force,diversification in roles of participants,the expansion of the scope and ideology to demystify the characteristics.The change of dough modeling custom form snever deviate from the core of"sacrifice"and it also retains sacrificial ceremony.But its connotation is materially different from the past.It analyzes the modernistic reason of dough modeling and shows that the change of the family structure,the change of production and consumption demand and the cultural identity accounts to this situation.Dough modeling custom is not the static history of the Jiaodong area.It is collective memory and the inheritance of construction product;The fact that dough modeling's inherit and the reconstruction meets the demands of Jiaodong local society.It is not only the connection media of the past and present in Jiaodong,but also coping strategy for the future.The modern fete customs shows its modern connotation because of its corresponding“traditional”custom.