GIS支持下北京市海淀区生境服务制图研究

Mapping urban habitat service based on GIS in Haidian District,Beijing

定量化识别生境服务的空间分布是城市生物多样性保护的前提。论文从生境斑块质量和生境格局两方面构建了生境服务的量化指标及其方法框架,并基于遥感影像解译和实地调研数据利用GIS工具对北京市海淀区进行了生境服务制图研究。结果显示,生境服务供给能力最高值主要分布于海淀区西部山区和中部圆明园、颐和园一带以及北部翠湖湿地附近的零星区域,占全区总面积的16.54%。海淀区北部农村地区的绿色基础设施区域生境服务供给能力次之,分散分布于西部山前地带及北部农村村庄外围的人工林地和园地区域,占全区总面积的32.44%。海淀区南部城区及中部城乡交错区的生境服务供给能力最低,占全区总面积的24.68%。海淀区大部分农村居民点所提供的生境服务也较弱,占全区总面积的26.34%。生境服务制图结果可以为城市生物多样性保护决策制定提供一个定量化且直观形象的参考依据。

It is the premise for urban biodiversity conservation to quantitatively identify the spatial distribution of habitat service.A new method framework of mapping urban habitat service incorporating habitat quality and habitat pattern was proposed as well as habitat service indicators in this study.Habitat service of Haidian District,Beijing,China was mapped using remote images interpreted data and investigated information and GIS tools.The results showed that area in the western mountains of Haidian district and the middle area along the Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan park provided the highest habitat service as well as several small pockets nearby Cuihu wetland,which occupied16.54%area in total of Haidian District.Both habitat services in front of western mountains and green area scattered distribution in north villages were lower than western mountains but higher than other study areas,which occupied32.44%area in total of Haidian District.The southern central district and urban-rural ecotone in the middle provided the lowest habitat service,which occupied24.68%area in total of the study area.Habitat services in most rural settlements of Haidian were also small but higher than the southern central district,which occupied26.34%area in total of the study area.Habitat service map could provide a quantitative and direct-viewing reference for decision making of urban biodiversity conservation.