落石冲击破坏特性试验研究

Study of Rockfall Disintegration Characteristics

针对落石碰撞地面后解体这一现象,对落石解体全过程进行了全面而详细的论述。由应力波的传播速度与荷载加载速度得出裂纹扩展方向为从底部至顶部的结论,从应力角度对已有冲击力计算经验公式进行了分析,提出了一种冲击力计算公式,并推出了临界破裂高度,从能量角度建立了可用于定量计算的落石解体能量方程,并通过实验对上述理论进行了验证。结果表明,在垂直于加载方向上,拉应力超过抗拉强度时落石解体,解体后的运动方式可由落石解体能量方程给出。

In reaction to the phenomenon that rockfall disintegrates after the collision with the ground,we expound the whole process of rockfall’s disintegration comprehensively and detailedly.Across the spread speed of the stress wave and the loading speed,we conclud that the direction of crack growth arise from the bottom to the top.Across the stress,we analyze the empirical equation of impact force and put forward a new computational formula.Then the rupture height is launched.Considering the energy,we establish an energy equation of rockfall’s disintegration for quantitative calculation and verify this theory across an experiment.The result indicates that the rockfall breaks up when the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the load.The energy equation gives out the movement way after the disintegration.