农村残疾人就业意愿和就业困境研究——基于上海市金山区农村残疾人调查的实证分析

Employment Willingness and the Employment Predicament of the Rural Disabled in China:Evidence from the Research of the Rural Disabled in Jinshan District of Shanghai

利用2013年上海市金山区农村户籍务农残疾人基本生活状况调查数据对农村残疾人就业意愿及其影响因素作了研究,结合实地调研结果从理论上分析了目前农村残疾就业存在的困境并且对其成因做出经济解释。研究发现,残疾人的就业具有持续性,有过就业经历的残疾人更倾向于期望重新回到劳动力市场,实现自我价值;然而目前残疾人就业促进政策效果并不是很好:集中就业普遍存在"挂靠"的"假就业"现象,而按比例就业则存在用人单位更偏好缴纳"残疾人就业保障金"而不是雇佣残疾人的"缴费偏好陷阱",这两者导致了农村残疾人非农就业意愿和就业实现之间存在矛盾的困境。

Using the data of the Living Standard Survey of the Rural Unemployed Disabled in Jinshan District of Shanghai in2013,this paper studies the employment willingness as well as the employment predicament of the rural disabled and itseconomic explanation.The research shows that the employment of rural disabled exhibits continuity,which means the dis?abled who used to work are more likely to expect to return to the labor market and realize themselves.However,the presentdisabled employment policy are not very effective.On the one hand,Concentrated Employment Policy is associated withfalse employment,which means many welfare enterprises tend to hire the disabled just in order to obtain the tax incentives,but the disabled do not have to really work.On the other hand,the Proportionate Employment Policy encounter the problemof“Payment Preference Trap”in which the employers prefer to pay The Disabled Employment Security Payment rather thanactually hire the disabled.