植物-微生物联合修复PAHs污染土壤的调控措施对比研究

Compared with different Regulation on Phytoremediation-microorganism Combined Remediation PAHs Contaminated Soil

多环芳烃是一种持久性有机污染物,具有很强的生物毒性,其进入食物链后表现为"三致"效应(致畸、致癌、致突变),对人体危害严重,目前对PAHs污染土壤修复的研究是全球热点问题之一。经查阅文献得知,目前的报道多为室内盆栽实验,而有关大田实际修复的报道较少,为了探索更有效的PAHs污染土壤修复技术,通过在设施农田开展试验,分析植物促生菌(G)、木质素(L)对"鼠李糖脂(RL)强化油菜(Y)-专性降解菌(N)联合修复PAHs污染土壤"的调控情况。结果表明,Y+N+RL+L可以有效去除土壤中的高环数PAHs,而对于PAHs总量和低环数PAHs的降解效果不明显;Y+N+RL+G处理对PAHs总量去除率为46.71%,Y+N+RL+G+L处理对PAHs总量的去除率为53.26%;Y+N+RL+G+L处理可促进油菜根部富集PAHs,根部PAHs质量分数达125.60μg·kg^(-1);Y+N+RL+G+L处理降低了油菜生物量,而Y+N+RL+G处理对油菜生长及其PAHs富集情况无较大影响。遵循"边生产边修复"原则,考虑食品安全及实际修复效果,认为植物促生菌调控"鼠李糖脂强化油菜-专性降解菌联合修复PAHs污染土壤"为本实验筛选出的PAHs污染土壤修复的最优方法。

As a persistent organic pollutants,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)shows strong biotoxicity and three-effect(terotogenic,carcinogenic,mutagenic)and serious harmful to human being when it was sent in food chain.Research currently onPAHs contaminated soil remediation is one of the world's hot spots.After reviewing literatures,the current reports are mostly potexperiments in the laboratory.To aim at find a better treatment to remediation PAHs contaminated soil,a field experiment wasconducted to research the effects of lignin(L)and plant growth-promotion bacteria(G)on the regulation of PAHs contaminated soilwith rhamnolipid(RL)-enhanced rapeseed(Y)-specific degrading bacteria(N)were analyzed.The results showed that Y+N+RL+Lcould promote the degradation of high-rings PAHs.The degradation rate of total PAHs with the treatment of Y+N+RL+G was46.71%.The degradation rate of total PAHs with the treatment of Y+N+RL+G+L was53.26%,but Y+N+RL+G+L could promote theenrichment of PAHs in rape roots to125.60μg·kg-1and inhibit the biomass of rape.Considering the food safety and the actual effect,plant growth-promoting bacteria regulated the rape-PAHs specific degrading bacteria combined remediation of PAHs contaminatedsoil was the best method in this experiment.