农村中小学“撤点并校”:美、日两国经验比较与启示

The Distribution Adjustment of Rural Schools:the Experience Comparison and Enlightenment between America and Japan

"撤点并校"是新型城镇化下农村学校布局调整的必然选择,美国与日本分别在19世纪末和20世纪中叶都启动了学校合并运动,积累了颇丰的改革经验。美、日两国撤点并校改革,在教育公平与效益、教育发展规律、实施程序与保障体系等方面都存在共性。两国的改革经验能为我国农村地区学校撤点并校提供借鉴,有助于我国农村教育事业的发展。

Under the new urbanization,dismantling teaching points and merging schools have been the inevitable choice of the distribution adjustment of rural schools.In the late19th century and the mid-20th century,the United States and Japan had respectively launched a school merger movement and accumulated considerable reform experience.By comparing the experience of the United States and Japan,we found that there is commonality between the two countries in educational equity and efficiency,the development law of education,the implementation of procedures and security system,which can provide a reference for the reform of rural schools and promote the development of rural education in China.