基于驾驶模拟实验的普通公路减速标线有效性探究

Research on Availability of Deceleration Markings for Highway based on Driving Simulator

在分析目前国内外研究和应用较多的几种视错觉减速标线类型与减速机理的基础上,总结现有研究中各类减速标线最佳设计参数,确定鱼刺形和边缘率减速标线设计要素,应用Creator和Vsdesign等建模软件设计相应的公路减速标线实验场景。采用驾驶模拟器与眼动仪相结合的方式,邀请40名被试进行驾驶模拟实验,采集车速、察觉距离和瞳孔直径,通过对数据进行处理和分析来判断减速标线的有效性。同时,对驾驶员主观评价问卷进行分析确定本次试验有效性。结果表明,两种减速标线对车辆运行速度、驾驶员的视觉行为、心理特征均具有一定的影响;鱼刺形减速标线的减速效果与视觉效果较边缘率减速标线减速效果与视觉效果更为强烈,但心理效果一般。

Referring to the current relevant norms and standards from home and abroad,the paper summarized thebest design parameters of deceleration markings in the existing studies.It designated the design elements of fishboneshaped and edge rate markings.It established the corresponding simulation scenario of highway deceleration markingswith Creator and Vsdesign.Combining driving simulator with eye tracker,40tested drivers were invited to carry outthe driving simulation test.It analyzed the availability of deceleration markings through speed,perceived distance,andpupil.At the same time,the driver's subjective evaluation questionnaire were analyzed to determine the validity of test.Analysis results showed that there were some effects on vehicle speed,drivers'visual and mental characteristics ofboth deceleration markings.Meanwhile the reducing effect and visual effect of fishbone shaped markings were moreintense than the reducing effect and visual effect of edge rate markings,but the psychological effect is general.