香港回归20年来的法治进步、不足和展望——从若干司法判决看香港法治生态发展

Rule of Law's Eco-development in Hong Kong in the Past Two Decades since It's Return

回归祖国20年来,香港的法治取得了巨大进步,尤其是在维护国家主权方面,国家意识不断增强。表现在:香港特区法院的一系列判决承认了全国人大拥有行使主权、香港特区法院无权审查国家行为的宪制规定;承认了全国人大常委会根据《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》(下称《基本法》)第158条拥有主动而全面的解释《基本法》的权力;颁布了平息"占中"动乱的禁制令,等等。《基本法》实施20年来,存在五个争议问题。这些问题的存在表明,香港个别人对于维护国家主权的国家意识仍然比较薄弱,在一定程度上阻碍了"一国两制"的实施。未来的香港法治,依然是在一个主权国家内部的社会主义法治和资本主义法治的和平竞赛,前途是光明的,道路是曲折的,随着中国特色社会主义法治、经济、社会、文化的发展,"一国两制"必将在香港法治建设和发展中发挥越来越大的作用。

Rule of law in Hong Kong has made great progress since it's return to China 20 years ago. National aware-ness,in particular,has been increasing with regard to safeguarding the state sovereignty. A series of court decisions in Hong Kong recognize constitutional provisions that the National People's Congress(NPC)has the power to exercise sovereignty while Hong Kong's courts have no right to investigate state actions;recognize that the NPC has the right to interpret the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR;and issued restraining order to quell the 'Occupy Central' turmoil. Five controversial issues exist over the implementation of the Basic Law and the controversy reflects that some individuals' national awareness is still weak,which hinders to an extent the implementation of 'one country,two systems'. In the future in Hong Kong,socialist rule of law and capitalist rule of law will continue to compete peacefully within one sovereign state,but with the progress made in the socialist rule of law,economy,society,and culture,the 'one country,two systems' policy will play an increasingly important role in the construction and development of the rule of law in Hong Kong.