草鱼和赤眼鳟及其正交F_1代的肌肉营养特性比较

Comparison the muscle nutritional characteristics on Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus(♀), barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus(♂) and their crossing generation F_1

为比较草鱼和赤眼鳟正交(草鱼(♀)×赤眼鳟(♂))的子一代F1(下文中简称"正交F1")与同龄草鱼、赤眼鳟的肌肉营养特性,评价正交F1肌肉的营养价值,选取18月龄的健康正交F_1、草鱼及赤眼鳟各12尾,采用生化方法分析3种鱼背肌中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分的含量以及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成,并进行氨基酸营养价值评价。结果显示:正交F_1肌肉中的水分含量显著低于草鱼的(P<0.05),显著高于赤眼鳟的(P<0.05);粗蛋白含量显著高于草鱼的(P<0.05),显著低于赤眼鳟的(P<0.05);正交F_1肌肉中的总氨基酸(AA)含量、必需氨基酸(EAA)含量和鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量分别为156.45、62.81、61.32 mg/g,其中AA含量和DAA含量均显著高于草鱼的(P<0.05),且低于赤眼鳟的(P>0.05);对试验结果进行氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)分析,发现赖氨酸为3种试验鱼共有的评分最高的氨基酸;正交F1不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占总脂肪酸的67.67%,显著高于赤眼鳟的(P<0.05),显著低于草鱼的(P<0.05),其ω6族多不饱和脂肪酸与ω3族多不饱和脂肪酸族的比值为5.88。结果表明,正交F_1较草鱼具有更好的肌肉营养品质。

Indicators,including moisture,crude protein,crude fat,ash,amino acids,and fatty acids from dorsal muscle ofeighteen–month–old healthy grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)(♀),barbel chub(Squaliobarbus curriculus)(♂)andtheir crossing generation F1,were measured to investigate their muscle nutritional characteristics,as well as theevaluation on nutritional value of amino acid(AA).The results showed that moisture and crude protein from F1wassignificantly lower than those from grass carp(P<0.05),but significantly higher than those from barbel chub(P<0.05);crude protein from F1was significantly higher than that from grass carp(P<0.05),but significantly lower than that frombarbel chub(P<0.05);total amino acid(AA),essential amino acid(EAA)and delicious amino acid(DAA)from F1were156.45mg/g,62.81mg/g and61.32mg/g,respectively;AA and DAA from F1were significantly higher than that fromgrass carp(P<0.05),but significantly lower than that from barbel chub(P>0.05).Both AAS and CS of lysine were thehighest in the three kinds of fishes.The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)from F1was67.67%,and its value ofω6/ω3ratio was5.88,which was significantly lower than that from grass carp(P<0.05).These results demonstrated that the crossing generation F1had higher nutritional value than grass carp.