船舶肇事犯罪的共犯形态之省思

On Joint Crime Form of Watercraft Causing Traffic Casualties

船舶肇事事故发生后,会产生驾驶船员之间是否构成共同犯罪的问题,以及船舶的所有人、承租人、出租人与船员之间犯罪形态的认定问题。船舶驾驶需要由两人以上的处于驾驶部和轮机部的全体船员集体完成。这样,处于平等地位的两部船员因为操作船舶而被关于船舶安全驾驶相关法律法规、规章制度科以共同的安全注意义务,故构成过失共同犯罪。船舶所有人等与具体船员之间的犯罪主观样态属于竞合过失,具体是其中的并行纵向竞合类型的监督过失,因各行为人不具有共同注意义务,应分别追究过失责任,只能单独成罪,自负刑责。

After a ship accident happens,there are two main issues which need to be considered seriously.One issue is whether the crew constitute a joint crime or not,and the other one is what responsibility the ship owner,the lessee,the leaser and the sailors shoulder respectively.Since the ship needs at least two persons who work in the driving position and the engine position to sail,the mariners are responsible for the common duty to take care of the ship’s security according to the laws and regulations.The subjective fault between the sailors and the owner,the lessee or the leaser belongs to the supervisory negligence,namely one kind of the coincidence negligence.That is to say,there are no common obligation among them.The consequent conclusion is the sailors and the owner,the lessee or the leaser should shoulder responsibility for their crimes respectively.