法紫菜生物多样性及其栽培生物学基础

A review of species diversity of Pyropia and fundamental studies of Pyropia cultivation

综述了重要经济红藻法紫菜属物种多样性及其地理分布,修订了法紫菜属中文名称,回顾了紫菜生活史研究的历程,基本概括了法紫菜栽培生物学基础研究成果。根据文献报道及最新研究成果,认为紫菜属和法紫菜属共有138个物种,集中分布在北半球的温带、亚热带海域,其中我国是物种多样性较高的国家之一,其物种及变种数达到25个。法紫菜生活史的阐明对紫菜栽培产业的发展具有奠基性的作用,其中我国藻类学家曾呈奎和张德瑞在法紫菜生活史研究中作出了重要的贡献,提出了壳孢子的概念,被广泛接受并沿用至今。壳孢子采苗和丝状体培养技术是发展紫菜栽培业的重要基础,丝状体生长发育及壳孢子形成的分子机制将是未来法紫菜生物学研究的重点和难点。尽管根据已发表的相关文献大致梳理了法紫菜相关生物学基础研究的成果,但限于篇幅对栽培生产中相关技术的优化、完善与推广以及新品种培育等均未作介绍。

This article illustrates species diversity and geographical distribution of an economically important genus of Bangiales,Porphyra.The Chinese name of Porphyra is suggested to be revised according to the taxonomic revision of Porphyra.A review of studies on the life cycle of Porphyra/Pyropia spp.and analyses of the biological studies of cultivation of Pyropia spp.are also discussed.Based on the latest data,a total of138species are subordinated in the genera Porphyra and Pyropia,which are distributed primarily in the temperate and subtropical waters of the northern hemisphere.China is rich in species diversity that includes25species and variants.Knowledge of life histories of Pyropia species is important for guiding the development of Pyropia cultivation industry.The Chinese scientists Tseng C.K.and Zhang D.R.made significant contributions to the studies of life histories of Pyropia species.They put forward the concept of conchospore,which was widely recognized and used till today.The technology of conchospore collection and cultivation of conchocelis phase laid an important foundation for the development of the cultivation industry.Future studies of Pyropia will focus on the developmental biology of conchocelis and the molecular mechanism of conchospore formation.This article summarizes the basic biological studies of Pyropia according to the published literature,but the promotion and optimization of cultivation technology,as well as breeding of new strains,are not described.