基于构式网络的上古给予义双及物研究

The Research of Giving Ditransitive Construction in the Old Chinese Based on Network

上古时期给予义双及物构式形成一个比较完备的网络,包括两类子图式:典型给予义构式和非典型给予义构式。其中V捐类通常只有两个侧重角色,在构式压制下得以进入给予义双及物构式,并出现角色数量误配的现象。构式中不具有给予义的动词,能进入双及物构式表达给予义是构式压制的结果;和近现代汉语双及物构式仅有双及物A式"S+V+N1_(间宾)+N2_(直宾)"不同,上古时期还存在双及物B式"S+V+N1_(直宾)+N2_(间宾)",我们认为韵律制约是B式形成的主要原因,介词省略是韵律制约的结果。

The giving ditransitive construction has formed a better network which consists of two sub-schema in the Old Chinese.Some verbs which only have two profiled participant roles like V can enter into the giving construction under the coercion of the construction with the phenomenon of mismatch of roles.As for the double object of causative in traditional grammar research,most scholars consider that it is just because the verbs are endowed with some temporary meaning in some specific context.This paper disagrees with this opinion,because it is the construction itself that has the causative meaning not the verbs and it is the coercion that makes the verbs of non-giving meanings follow two nouns.Different from the ditransitive constructions in modern Chinese,there is a construction of B”S+V+N1direct object+N2indirect object”except a construction“S+V+N1indirect object+N2direct object”.Besides it is the Chinese prosodic constraints that bring about the formation of B radically,the omission of preposition in dative construction is just a manifestation under the in?fluence of prosodic constraints.