沿海港口总体规划生态承载力环评技术方案

Technical solutions for strategic environmental assessment on ecological carrying capacity-coastal ports master plan

生态承载力评价是区域经济社会可持续发展的重要参考基准,但常规区域生态承载力综合评价方法不能针对规划项目产生的具体资源环境效应及其空间影响格局展开评估.研究基于压力(P)-状态(S)-响应(R)模型,以沿海港口总体规划生态承载力环评为例,在分析港口总体规划对海岸带潮上带、潮间带、潮下带3类生态环境空间产生不同资源环境压力类型的基础上,探索建立了包括陆域土地资源承载力评价、潮间带岸线资源承载力评价、潮间带围填海承载力评价、潮下带水环境容量评价及海岸带生态系统承载力评价在内的海岸带工程项目生态承载力环评技术方案,以期提升海岸带开发利用自然资源、保护生态环境的科学性,并为推进我国工程项目生态承载力环评技术革新提供借鉴.

Ecological carrying capacity(ECC)evaluation provides important references for sustainable development of regional economy and society.However,the methods of conventional regional ECC evaluation do not include assessment on resource depletion or environmental effects of specific planning.Using the pressure(P)-state(S)-response(R)model,taking a coastal port master planning as an example,the technical solutions for strategic environmental assessment(SEA)of ECC on coastal port master plan was proposed.Based on the analysis results on natural resources,environmental carrying capacity and ecological risks of coastal port master plan of the coastal tidal,intertidal and sublittoral zones,the technical framework for SEA on coastal construction projects were established with detailed illustrations.The framework included carrying capacities of land resources in tidal zone,shoreline resources,and reclaiming land derived from sea in intertidal zone,as well as the water environmental carrying capacity of the offshore marine areas.The results can be used as scientific base for the sustainable use of coastal natural resources,and references for building new SEA system of ECC of project plans.