近代西方政府组织人才选拔与管理机制的演变历程研究

The Research on the Evolution of the Talents Selection and Management Mechanisms of the Modern Western Government Organizations

科举制度虽为我国首创,但近代政府组织人事管理理论却是发端于西方,探求西方政府组织人才选拔与管理制度的演变规律对于改革和完善我国政府组织人事管理机制具有借鉴意义。英国、美国、法国、德国、日本是五个在人事管理制度构建上具有代表性的国家,通过文献研究,在梳理五国近代人事管理发展脉络的基础上,总结出西方政府组织人事管理演变主要经历了三个阶段:一是萌芽无序时期,其人事管理特点为官职恩赐、政党分肥、世袭或推荐;二是规范发展时期,其人事管理特点为考试与功绩制度;三是企业化改革时期,其人事管理特点是以政府绩效达成为改革导向。

The imperial examination system was the creation of China,but the government personnel management theory is originated in the west.The exploration to the evolution rules of western theory of government personnel management has great significance for the development of our country's government personnel management.Britain,the United States,France,Germany and Japan are five representative countries in the construction of personnel management.Through careful combing and research of the five countries in modern government organization personnel management development,this paper has summarized three stages of the development of the western government personnel management,namely,the stages of beginning,standardization and reform respectively.The first stage is characterized by conferring title,spoils system,hereditary or recommendation;the second stage is characterized by examination and evaluation of the achievements;the third stage is characterized by the government performance evaluation as the direction of reform.