江南园林夹院理景手法及其美学探义

Design Methods and Aesthetic Significance of the "Narrow Gardens" in South China Gardens

夹院是私家园林中由建筑、围墙、曲廊之间围合所形成的狭小空间,在江南私家园林中零散地分布在主景区的周围,面积小、多由粉墙、置石、植物、铺地构成景物,与主景区形成鲜明的开合、明暗对比,增加了园林的空间层次。通过对江南私家园林中的夹院进行整理、归纳,总结出夹院的3种类型及其理景的一般手法;通过对文人士大夫阶层造园审美的研究梳理夹院的美学思想,由于受到中唐以后"壶中天地""芥子须弥"思想的影响,造园者力求在日益缩小的空间内构造出高度和谐、"天人合一"并富有山水画意的景物空间。

The"narrow gardens"are those tight spaces in private gardens,walled by architecture,walls and curved corridors.They are randomly scattered around the main scenic spots with small dimensions,forming the sceneries with white walls,stones,plants and paving,comparing with the main scenic spots by vivid opening and closing,light and shade contrast and increasing the space hierarchies of the garden.This paper researched on the"narrow gardens"in private gardens,summarized three types and design methods.Based on the study of the literati class landscape aesthetic appreciation it then inferred the aesthetic thoughts of"narrow gardens",namely garden owners made every effort to construct highly harmonious scenery space in increasingly narrow spaces.