城市公园社会协同管理机制研究

Study on Mechanism of Social Collaborative Management for Urban Parks

城市公园社会协同管理是以政府行政主管部门为管理主体,联动相关政府职能部门、社会组织、企业及志愿者等社会力量共同管理的一种模式,包括主题系统、主体系统、时空系统、动力系统和保障系统5个方面。公园社会协同管理的有效实施必须依靠相应的法律基础、科学的制度建设和持续的运营机制等作为保障,政府购买服务作为公园管理市场化的一项举措,除了日常维护费用以外还须包括社会服务费、生态保护费、设施更新费和文化活动费等;必须推行公园管理认证制度,在有条件的大学创办公园管理专业,培养公园管理专业人才;必须推行公园管理绩效第三方评估措施,把社会监督转化为具体的制度建设;加强公园管理信息化、智能化水平建设,提高公园社会协同管理效率和质量;生态保护与游憩发展是社会协同最具潜力的二大领域;专业化维护、企业化经营、职能化治理和第三方评估是城市社会协同管理的基本模式。

Social collaborative management of urban parks(SCMUP)is a kind of management model that joints related function departments of government,social organizations,private enterprises and volunteers.It has6subsystems including theme content,public managers,time and space spectrum,power,and support system.Effective implementation of SCMUP must be based on supporting systems of park laws,science institution and sustainable management mechanism.Funds and professional people are the two key ones of all related factors,the government input is the main fund for park management,and social donation and concession income are limit in most countries of the world.Park management funds always apply to6aspects such as daily maintenance,social service,ecological protection,facilities regeneration,cultural activities etc.Career certification system and specialties of park management must be set up to develop professional human resources.Third party evaluation(TPE)should be expanded to park management and make the idea of social supervision transfer to real management practice.The efficiency and quality of SCMUP depend on the level of park informationization and intellectualization development.Ecological protection and recreation development are the two most potential fields for SCMUP.The concept model of SCMUP is proposed:special maintenance,enterprise management,functionalization government,and third party evaluation.