上海国歌广场热舒适研究

A Study of Thermal Comfort at Shanghai Guoge Square

主要讨论上海国歌广场夏秋冬三季物理环境及广场使用者的热感知和偏好。现场进行小气候实测和问卷调查,21个测试日共获得问卷878份。研究采用主观评价与客观评价结合的形式评价热舒适。客观评价指标采用预测平均投票(PMV)、生理等效温度(PET)和标准有效温度(SET*)3个指标。结果表明:1)广场夏季热舒适问题相较秋冬两季更为突出;夏季,80%受访者期望空气温度降低、风速升高;秋冬两季,近半数的人希望温度升高、风速降低、太阳辐射增强;夏季,居民太阳辐射偏好与空气温度值呈显著负相关;秋冬两季,居民风速偏好与空气温度呈正相关,与太阳辐射呈负相关;2)预测PMV不适合评估上海广场户外热舒适;使用PET计算的热中性温度为16.2℃,热舒适范围为7~25℃;使用SET*计算的热中性温度为17.1℃,热舒适范围为10~24℃。本研究成果可为风景园林师优化上海高密度环境下的户外热环境提供评判依据。

This paper mainly discusses the physical environment in three seasons(summer,autumn and winter respectively)and theusers'thermal sensation and preference at Shanghai Guoge Square.The actual measurement and questionnaire have been carried out;as aresult,878questionnaires were obtained during21test days.In this paper,the thermal comfort was evaluated by means of subjective andobjective assessments,in which,the objective assessment adopted Predicted Mean Vote(PMV),Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET)and Standard Effective Temperature(SET*)as the three indexes.Indicated by the results,1)the thermal comfort problem at the square insummer was more prominent than that in autumn and winter.In summer,80%interviewees expected reduced air temperature and increasedwind speed while in autumn and winter,almost half interviewees were longing for increased air temperature,decreased wind speed andenhanced solar radiation.In summer,the resident'preference to solar radiation was negatively correlative with the air temperature;inautumn and winter,the residents'preference to wind speed was just positively correlated with the air temperature and negatively correlatedwith the solar radiation;2)it was predicted that PMV would be unsuitable to assess the outdoor thermal comfort on Shanghai squares.Thethermal neutral temperature calculated by PET was16.2°C with the thermal comfort range from7-25°C;by contrast,the thermal neutraltemperature calculated by SET*was17.1°C with the thermal comfort range from10-24°C.These achievements are expected to provideevaluation basis to the landscape architects for optimizing the outdoor thermal environment under high density condition in Shanghai.